A CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF CURRENT ASSETS MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES

(A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC ENUGU).

ABSTRACT

This project examined the management of current assets in public Limited Liability Company. It is obvious that no company can perform well without. This project examined the management of current assets in public Limited Liability Company. It is obvious that no company can perform well without good current asset management. This cares for proper accountability and utilization of these assets for day-to-day transaction of a business concern.

A well co-ordinated current asset management will go a long way to boost productivity, availability of funds, profit and encourage expansion. Investigation ha shown that failure of many business concerns or why some companies perform below expectations lies mostly in the inability of the management to manage their current asset very well.

Current asset is an asset on the balance sheet usually lasting less than one year or any asset that can be converted into cash within 12 months. Current asset as an essential tool of any business organization needs efficient and effective management.

Current asset includes – cash, Government boned, inventors, marketable securities, account receivables, prepaid etc and also other assets that are capable of being converted into cash within relatively short period without intervening with the normal operation of the business.

The relevant data for this study were obtained through the review of related literature and use of questionnaire oral interviews as well as direct observation. This helps us to understand how the various component of current asset should be managed.

In the aspect of cash management, cash should be reduced to a minimum, which implies that the firms should keep sufficient cash neither more nor less, and this could only be achieved through cash planning, managing cash inflows and out flow of the firm, investing the cash, white the excess should be invested in marketable securities.

In inventory control, form is faced with problem of meeting two conflicting needs to maintain a minimum investment in inventories, to maximize profitability and to minimize a large size of inventory, few efficient and smooth production and sales operation. And care must be taken to ensure that stock is ordered through purchase requisition note by the officer responsible for it.

The presentation of the analysis look the form of chi-square to test the three hypotheses formulated. From the interpretation of data, the following findings were made;

(1) Proper current asset management has increased the growth of a company.

(2) Effective and efficient current asset management enhances the profit of public limited liability companies.

(3) Proper management of current asset leads to high investment and high production.

Equally, Improper management of current asset reduced the growth of company.  And losses of cash are caused not only by mismanagement off current asset but also by decrease in the value of cash as a result of socio-economic situation in the country.

The researcher therefore tends to carry out research to investigation and know actually how their current assets are manage in public limited ways for further improvement which includes;

(1) Installation of budgeting and budgetary control for efficiency

(2) Control of overheads so as to minimize payments of cash (cash out flows).

(3) Matching of receipts and payment to avoid financial insolvency.

The conclusion of the study is that since proper current asset management has increased the growth of public limited liability company e.g. The Nigerian breweries plc other companies should apply current asset management principles to ensure effectiveness, as well both non-profit in making organization.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF CASE STUDY

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

1.5 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1.7 SCOPE, LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.8 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

CHAPTER TWO

2.0  REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 MANAGEMENT OF CASH

2.3 THE NEED TO HOLD CASH BALANCES

2.4 CASH PLANNING FORECASTING AND BUDGETING

2.4 INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

2.5 NEED TO HOLD INVENTORY AND OBJECTIVES OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

2.6 DETERMINATION OF THE SIZE OF INVENTORY

2.7 INVENTORY DECISION MODELS

2.8 OBJECTIVES OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT

2.9   ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY

2.10  MANAGEMENT OF RECEIVABLES

2.11  GOLES OF CREDIT MANAGEMENT

2.12  CREDIT ANALYSIS

2.13  MANAGEMENT OF MARKABLE SECURITIES

2.14  CRITERIA FOR SELECTING MARKETABLE SECURITIES.

CHAPTER THREE

3.0    RESEARCH DESIGN

3.0    INTRUDUCTION

3.1    POPULATION OF STUDY

3.2    SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

3.3   INSTRUMENT OF DATA COLLECTION

3.4    METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

3.5    METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

3.6         DECISION RULE

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA.

4.0 INTRUDECTION

4.1 PRESENTATION OF AND ANALYSIS OF DATA.

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0    SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

5.1   RECOMMENDATIONS

5.2  CONCLUSION

5.3  LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

REFERENCES

BIBLOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

QUESTIONNAIRE

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRUDUCTION:

Current assets as one of the management tolls of business organization are very important in the proper function of business and achievement of organizational goal.  Current assets are those assets that are readily without loss in value and interference in the normal process of the business.  Management on the other hand involves getting things done through other people by planning, organizing and cordinating.  It is also a social and technical proves that utilizes resources and changes human behaviors in the desired direction in order to elicit contribution that will accomplish the objectives of the organization.

Current asset management includes – managerial decisions on how the various component of current asset are to be financial as well as planned policies on the composition level to be maintained and control to be exercised.   Current assets comprises of cash, inventories, governments bonds, account reachable (debitos) mark able securities, prepaid expenses and also other assets that are capable of being converted into cash within a relatively short period without interfering with the normal operations of the business.  For an organizational goal to be achieved these components of current assets should be efficiently managed.

But sundry debtors and cash tie-up investment funds can also have other costly disadvantages, for this reason, organizations should always seek to minimize or keep optimum stock and cash level of these assets and ideally reduce them to zero. However, reducing them to zero is rarely practical since to do so will result in cash greater of other adverse costs increased. The determination of the optional level for such assets is therefore the result of balancing process between the cost of holding such assets and role associated with not holding than or of holding only small amount.

It is obvious that any mismanagement of these current assets will result to loss of cash, which will eventually have an advice effects in the entire management of the company.

Therefore, any step which can be taken to minimize levels of current assets probably yield large savings in cost. Investigations has shown that many business concerns fail or perform below expectations as a result of the inability to manage their current assets adequately.  The importance of a well coordinated current assets, management cannot be over-exaggerated, it goes a long way to boast productivity, availability of funds, profitability and encourages growth and expansion of the company.   The researcher therefore tend to investigate and be able to come out with a profitable result on effective and efficient management of current assets in public limited liability companies and suggest possible ways for further improvement.

1.2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE CASE

STUDY NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC

SCOPE OF OPERATION:

Nigerian breweries plc is the pioneer and largest brewing company in Nigeria, was incorporated in 1946, and recorded a landmark when the first bottle of star large beer rolled off the bottling lines in its Lagos brewery in June 1949. This was followed by Aba brewery, which was commissioned in 1957.

Kaduna brewery in 1963 and Ibadan Brewery in 1982. In September 1993, the company acquired its gift brewery in Enugu.

On April 9,2001, it recently christened the Ama green field brewery in Enugu, the largest in Africa. The brewery will be commissioned in October 2003. Thus from its humble beginning in 1946, the company now has five operational breweries from which its high quality products are distributed to all part of this great country.

EXPORT

Nigerian Breweries (NB) plc has an increasing export business that dates back to 1986 currently, they export to the U.K, U.S.A, Italy, Neither lands, Germany and Kenya.

RESEARCH/DEVELOPMENT

NB Plc keeps pace with key international developments, thus ensuring that its systems, processes and operational procedures are always in conformity with world-class standards. It is inline with this policy that the company established a research and development center in 1987 to enhance its research activities on all aspects of brewing operations.

ANCILLARY OPERATIONS/SERVICES: As a major brewing concern, the company encourages the establishment of ancillary business. Many of these organizations and individuals depend largely on the company for their means of live hood. These include manufacturers of bottles croon corks, labels, cartons, plastic crates, and such services as hotels clubs and our key Distributors.

SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY:  Nigerian Breweries Plc is a socially responsible corporate citizen with a very good record of corporate philanthropy in the areas of education, the environment and communications among others. The company in 1994 established an Education trust fund of N100 million to take more action part in the funding of educational and research facilities I higher Institutions, all in all efforts to provide and encourage academic excellence in Nigeria.  This is in addition to its secondary and employees. The companies have its authorized share capital of 2.4billon.

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Many companies including private public and government owned companies have been experiencing serious mismanagement of resources and loss of cash due to inefficient control of current assets which result to liquidation.

On the other hand, another problem facing public limited companies is global economic recession in Nigeria economy, high rate of inflation and fluctuation I exchange rate has coursed serious problem in processing stock and other current assets items that enhance growth of the under utilization of resources and improper inputs that resulted to the decrease in the total revenue generated by companies.

Another difficulty encountered in management of current asset is debt managements of current asset is debt management. The terms of credit, sales is no more maintained by distributors and this cases shortage of fund that would have this cause shortage of fund that would have been available for the normal operation of the origination. This entire problem hinders the efficient management of current asset.

At the conclusion  of this study, the researcher will be able to come out with the possible remedies to these problems associated with current asset management and suggest ways for improvement.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The study addressed the following objectives;

(1) The purpose of this study is to critically appraise or value the rate at which the management makes policies for current assets administration in public limited lability companies.

(2) To as certain how funds are really being civilized and adequate management of current assets with a view to finding solution to mismanagement.

(3) To identify reason why public limited companies keep proper current asset management

(4) To determine the extent to which current assets management tools have enhance in the proper functioning of business and achievement of organizational goal.

(5) To assess and evaluate whether current asset management has gone a long way to boost productivity and encourages growth and expansion of the company.

(6) To make recommendations and to prevent further lapses and recommend appropriate measures to be adopted in efficient utilization of resources.

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

The following are the research question of the study:

(1) Has the current asset management tool enhances proper functioning of business and achievement of organizational goal.

(2) Has it increased the profitability of the public limited companies?

(3) Has it reduced the problem of debt management?

(4) Has contributed for proper accountability and utilization of these assets for day-to-day transaction of a business concern.

1.5 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

The following hypotheses tested in the study:

Hi: Alternative Hypothesis

Ho: Null Hypothesis

Hi: An appropriate current asset management has increased the profitability and growth of a company.

H: High rate of inflation and fluctuations in exchanges rate have a negative effects on the current asset management.

Ho: High rate of inflation and fluctuations in exchange rate have no recreative effects on the current asset management.

Hi: Economic trend affect current asset management.

Ho: Economic trend dose not affect current asset management.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study will involve benefits, which will be of interest to some groups, which in the final analysis will help and solve most of the problems encountered by public limited liability companies, especially the Nigeria breweries Plc. This study will be also be of great benefit to business educators, students in business study will also benefit from this research work.

It will also assist private and public companies in checking the event of their progress and lapses, as to adopt the required steps in the control and management of the current assets. Some of the beneficiaries include:

A. THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC LIABILITY COMPANIES

The management of public liability companies like the management of Nigeria breweries has benefited from current asset management because it has helped them in managerial decision on how the various component of current assets are to be financed as well as planned policies on the composition level to be maintained and control to be exercised.

B. MANAGERS:

The managers in every organization will in no small measure gain from how they will manage their current asset to ensure profitability as one of the factors that contribute towards the progress of the company is the effective and efficient management of their current asset.

C. THE GOVERNMENT:

The government has gain immensely from current asset management because those their bonds and securities are well utilized and secured which ensures stability in an economy.

1.7 SCOPE

The researcher intended to restrict the study on Nigeria breweries Plc Enugu branch among many public limited liability companies in Nigeria. Because of some constraints time and monetary constraints.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Current Asset: These are those assets that are re-cash may be held as buffer to meat unpredictable financial needs. Cash balance held to cover the future contingency converted into cash usually within one year without loss

In value or interference in the normal process of the business.

Government bonds: This is a certificate of debt to be paid by the government to an individual holder and it usually bearing a fixed rate of interest.

It is also an assurance or a sealed instrument under which the government guarantees to pay a stated sum of money on or before a Specified date.

Inventories: This is detailed offer description of list of list of articles given code. It could be also referred to as that stock of the product that accompany is manufacturing for sale and the components that make up the product inventories could be classified into various types which are as

Follows:

(i) RAW MATERIALS

(ii) WORK-IN-PROGRESS (W.I.P) ie partly finished good and materials held during manufacturing stages.

(iii) FINISHED GOODS: ie completed products that are ready for sale or distributed, this definition is given by Adibe (1995)

Marketable Security: These near money assets in which precautionary balance of the firm is investigation. They include treasuring

Bills, certificate of deposit and bankers acceptance and repurchases agreements.

Mark able securities are held as buffer against cash storage and are used for temporary investments. The definition is by Aguolu (1995) P.2.

It is a certificate of stock that is readily saleable or buying in marketable values.

The definition is given by Leslie 1979) P3