CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Traditionally, high control in home and office environments takes place through
switches (on/off), deals and sliders (dimmers) and sometimes motion sensors.
These controls can be incorporated in the built environment such as walls, or
attached to lights that people place themselves (desk lamps, bed side lights). This
often leads to a jumble of controls each with their own location, interaction style,
and focus.
This project is a demonstration of how a PC can be used as a control signal
generation subsystem capable of generating programmable control signals for
power equipment. Early studies reveal that using PC for power management was
often fou7nd to be up to 25% more than energy star compliant methods.
However, recent assessments have found higher rates, and was estimated that
for power management.
Switching control is a good replacement for conventional pneumatic or Electro
chemical high voltage AC control. This equipment is capable of not only control
but energy management and system diagnostic functions. The PC control in
inherentlyhas more accurate control because it reduces maintenance and
recalibration problems common with pneumatic and mechanical systems.
It offers other unique advantages like subsystem coordination, optimum start,
diversity analysis and retrofit identification.
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This design begins with the fact that a computer is needed to light bulbs of high
AC rating. This immediately suggests that an interface of the PC is needed to
handle the mismatch in voltage and currents between the PC and bulbs.
Secondly the control data from the PC program are logic levels in serial format
and at high frequency. This again means that the interface should understand the
protocol of communication and convert it to the necessary parallel control singed.
Due to lack of resources, the project will not be real but simulated. This system
will represent for more than just manual on/off control. The system comprises of
two major components, output device, and input device. Output devices work
behind the scenes to control the lights by switching them off or on. Input device
are the switcher i.e. the button or sensors.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
 No prior information whether a bulb is dead or not
 There is always a problem of one or two poles using one switch. That is each
pole with a switch which could amount to lots of expenses. Each pole with
their own switch and location.
 It consumes ones time in the sense that one will more from one pole to
another. Just to put one or off the light.
1.3OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
This professional documentation focuses on using a serial interface hardware
built on microcontroller and max 232 serial converters. The ensure that the high
negative -15 volts and + 15 volts of the serial RS232 comport is converted and
programmed to suit the CPC logic levels. The system is responsible for controlling,
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energy management and system diagnostic functions. Tracking of all lighting
activities, especially bulbs. In a place where prepaid meter is in use, it could help
reduce the cost.
1.4SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This system is important considering the fat that only a push of a button can
switch off or on the light connected within the system. With this system, one can
easily be on his/her bed and switch off or on the lights.
The system is safe therefore children can also switch off or on the light when their
parents or guardians are not close. The system is very necessary in the sense that
it gives you what you want at any needed time. The system also keepstrack of all
activities (bulb).
1.5SCOPE OF STUDY
The research will focus on creating a computerized system that will switch on or
off light on the street and equally control the power aspect.
The research will also focus on light bit microcontroller issues discreet digital
electronics in appliance control. Intel controllers that can complete application
are typically relegated to switches and times are also discussed. It will be a system
that maximizes user efficiency and user convenience.
1.6LIMITATION OF STUDY
One of the major setbacks of this work is finance. Due to lack of finance, one
could not bring the system to life. Inadequate electricity also contributed to the
setback of this work.
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1.7DEFINITION OF TERMS
Electrochemical: describe a mechanical device that is powered or controlled by
electricity. Relating machines powered by electricity.
Pneumatic: the branch of physics with the mechanical properties of air and other
gases.
Retrofit Identification: To modify something such as a machine or a building by
adding newly developed parts or devices that were not available where the
machine or building was made.
Diversy analysis: A variety of something such as opinion, colour, or style.