TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page       —         —         —         —         —-      —         —         —         —         i

Approval page          —         —         —         —         —-      —         —         —         ii

Dedication                 —         —         —         —         —-      —         —         —         iii

Acknowledgement   —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         iv

Abstract         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         v

Table of contents                 —         —         —        —         —         —         —         vi

Chapter one

111 Background of the study      —         —         —        —         —         —         1

112 Problem statement     —         —         —         —         —         —         —         2

113 Aims and objectives             —         —         —         —         —         —         3

114 Significant of the project     —        —         —         —         —         —         4

115 Scopes of the study   —         —         —         —         —         —         —         5

116 Project report organization  —         —         —         —         —         —         5

Chapter two

21       Literature review      —         —         —        —         —         —         —         7

211 Review and the Analysis of the existing system  —         —         —         —        

212   Historical development of the project      —         —        —         —         9

212   Areas of application of the project                       —         —         —         —         11

213      Areas of applications of the project         – –            – –            – –            – –            – –            18

214 Tuned radio frequency (TRF) transmitter and receiver       – – –         – –            – –            18

22          System component description      —         —         —        —         —         20

23       Resistor          —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         21

24    Different symbols of resistors         —             —             —           —             —             —             24

25   Determination of the value of a resistor       —             — –          – — –       – –            5

26 Capacitors           —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —                    

27 Transformers —       —       —       —       —     —       —       —       30

28 Diode       —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         31

29 Types of diode   —         —         —         —         —         —        —         —        32

210  IC linear voltage regulator    —         —         —        —         —         —        33

211 Transistor static switch and electromagnetic relay                        —         —        37

212    The optical light sensor using LDR           —         —         —         —         41

213 Design considerations                        —         —         —         —         —         —         44

214 Applications     —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —         45

215    Servomotor   —         —         —         —         —         —         —         —        47

216 Device without feedback        —         —         —         —         —         —         48

Chapter three

31 Description of the system building blocks                            49

32 Block diagram development into working circuit                50

33 System design specifications                                                   52

34 The principle of operation of the system                               53

Chapter four

Implementation, testing and result                                                            57

41 Implementation                                                                          57

4

2 Testing                                                                                                     58

43 Result                                                                                                      59

44 Bill of engineering quality                                                       60

Chapter five

51 Summary of achievement                                                         62

52 Problems encountered and solution                                       63

53 Conclusion                                                                                             64

References                                                                                                    65

CHAPTER ONE

11    INTRODUCTION

111     Background of the Study

Security is everybody’s business all over the world And this proves more challenging to a third world and terrorist nation like Nigeria Security of lives and properties can be achieved in wired or wireless mode Owing to the incessant kidnapping incidents especially in the south east part of Nigeria, there is utmost need to secure any entity (homes/offices/institutions/factories) against such happenstance by coming up with a better technique of security the entrance gate to any entity such that only the users can get access into it Gate locking techniques abound but each has an associated shortcomings This menace gave way to carrying out researches on the best way to customize gates (entrances) into any entity This led me to undertake the project design and implementation of a headlamp operated gate opening system such that only the owners headlamp/valid users headlamp can operate it This will boost the security of lives and properties

112     Problem Statement

Due to the high rate of kidnapping and armed robbery in Nigeria, security of lies and properties as everybody’s concern Most especially in the south-east region of the country, kidnappers break into people’s compound and abduct them for a ransom This is due mainly because of poor/no secure entrance into the compound

In a bid to combat this menace, a highly secured gate opening system should be developed and put in place This quest motivated me to embark on a project research on design and implementation of a headlamp operated gate opening system such that only the owners headlamp can operate the gate from a distance of nearly 50m This system will ensure that only one user or selected users can operated the gate A system of this nature will boost the security of the compound

113     Aim And Objectives of the Project/Study

The aim of this project design and implemental of a headlamp operated gate opening system such that only the owner’s head lamp can operate the gate

The objectives of this project are:

i                    To develop a prototype of a real life system which can open and close a gate using photo electric effect and radio frequency technology

ii                 To design a system which is not micro-program control

iii               To design a system which can be powered using a regulated power supply unit (PSU) synthesized from NEPA

iv               To design a module which can be use electromagnetic relay to actuate an AC motor

114      Significant of the Project

This project work signified a lot in computer engineering This project can be used/employed as a security gate in  scheduled area like INEC office clubs and gardens

It can be used as a security gate in luxury homes

It can be used as a security door in strong rooms

It can be applied in security gates in military barracks and in prison yard to ensure maximum security

If properly modified, it can be used in highly sensitive areas to allow only the authorized users to get access into some areas

115     Scopes of the Study

This project work focuses on the design and construction of a headlamp operated gate opening system such that only the owner’s car headlamp can operate the gate It covers TRF (receiver and transmitter), opto-coupler using LDR, prime mover and other components used in the system It