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INTRODUCTION
“Disaster management” can be defined as the range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster. Disaster management deals with situations that occur prior to, during, and after the disaster. Globally, there has been lots of disaster on land, air and sea, though these disasters may be natural or man-made, it has however led to the destruction of lives and properties worth billions of Naira.
In Nigeria, there have been instance of earth tremors in Ogun state in 1994, several cases of flood has occurred in Nigeria, in July 2012, 363 people killed, over 2,100,000 displaced, Areas affected include, Adamawa, Taraba, Plateau, and Benue state. On 2nd July 2012, many Nigerian coastal and inland cities experienced heavy rains, and residents of Lagos state were “gasping for breath” due to the flooding. In addition, there was a gridlock on major roads, causing people to cancel or postpone appointments they may have had. Thousands of stranded commuters had to pay increased fares for the few bus drivers who were willing to risk travelling on the roads, and construction of work by the Nigerian government on the inner Oke-Afa Road took a “heavy toll.” In mid-July 2012, flooding in the Ibadan metropolis caused some residents at Challenge, Oke-Ayo, and Eleyele to flee from their residences and save their lives. The flooding also prevented some Christians from attending churches in the morning, while a few bridges caved in. The Nigerian government said that certain structures on waterways had to be demolished as a result of the flooding, while Commissioner for Information and Orientation, Bosun Oladele, announced that there weren’t any casualties from the flooding. Although, most of the disasters that Nigerians face are generally preventable, such as aircraft crash, boat mishap, floods, landslides, fire out breaks, oil spillage etc, can actually be prevented.
Disaster is an event, natural or man-made, sudden or progressive, which impacts with such severity that the affected community or individual has to respond by taking exceptional measures.
Disaster Management is the systematic observation and analysis of disasters to improve measures relating to prevention, mitigation, preparedness, emergency response and recovery. It is also the range of activities designed to maintain control over disaster and emergency situations and to provide a framework for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the impact of the disaster and deals with situations that occur prior to, during, and after the disaster.
The term “Disaster Management” encompasses the complete realm of disaster-related activities. Traditionally people tend to think of disaster management only in terms of the post-disaster actions taken by relief and reconstruction officials; yet disaster management covers a much broader scope, and many modern disaster managers may find themselves far more involved in pre-disaster activities than in post-disaster response. This is because many persons who work in the development field, or who plan routine economic, urban, regional or agricultural development projects, have disaster management responsibilities. Disaster management also encompasses the field of emergency assistance and long-term maintenance for refugees and displaced persons. The refugee field of disaster management is highly specialized and requires not only many development skills but also a broader awareness of political, legal, and humanitarian issues.
The project is to design a Disaster Management Centre which will serve as a centre for the operational squad and aid for investigation, assistance and relief of people affected with disasters. The aim of this project is to provide disaster management knowledge and skills to enhance the understanding of good (and bad) disaster preparedness and response and their reasons for them. This project introduces the main principles of Disaster Management, with a focus on disaster response in the developing world.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE I
DECLARATION II
CERTIFICATION III
DEDICATION IV
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT V
TABLE OF CONTENT VIXI
ABSTRACT XII
INTRODUCTION 13
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Background to the Study 4
1.2 Statement Of Architectural Problems 5
1.3 Motivation 6
1.4 Aims 7
1.5 Objectives 8
1.6 Scope Of Project 8
1.6.1 The Site 9
1.6.2 The Main Building 10-13
1.6.3 The Clinic 14
1.6.4 The Staff Accommodation 14
1.7 Project Justification 14
1.8 Definition Of Terms 15-18
1.9 Research Methodology 18
CHAPTER TWO
2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. History of Disaster 19
2.2. The Origins of Disaster Management 20-21
2.3. History of Disaster Management in Nigeria 22-23
2.4. Disaster 24
2.4.1 Types of Disaster 25-35
2.4.2 Implications of Disasters on Our Region and Environment 36-38
2.5 Disaster Management Cycle 39-42
2.6 Technical Information 42-44
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 CASE STUDY 45
3.1 CASE STUDY ONE: Enugu State Fire Service Station 46
3.1.1 Location 46
3.1.2 Client 46
3.1.3 Architect 46
3.1.4 Brief History 46
3.1.5 Functions 46
3.1.6 Mode Of Operation 47
3.1.7 Challenges47
3.1.8 Programme Element 47
3.1.9 Planning Concept 4849
3.1.10 Environmental Control 50
3.1.11 Services Needed 50
3.1.12 General Appraisal 51
3.1.13 Construction Materials 51
3.1.14 Merits 52
3.1.15 Demerits 52
3.1.16 Drawings 51 55
3.1.17 0rganisational Chart 56
3.2 CASE STUDY TWO: National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA)
3.2.1 Location 57
3.2.2 Programme Element 57-59
3.2.3 Merits 60
3.2.4 Demerits 60
3.2.5 Challenges 60
3.2.6 Possible Solutions 60
3.2.7 Organisational Chart 61
3.2.8 Drawings6264
3.3 CASE STUDY THREE: Disaster Management Centre For Ehlanzeni District Municipality, South Africa.
3.3.1 Location 65
3.3.2 Objectives 65
3.3.3 Program Element 66
3.3.4 Merits 67
3.3.5 Demerits 67
3.3.6 Drawings 68-71
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 PLANNING AND DESIGN REQUIREMENT
4.1 The Site 72
4.1.1 Geographical Location 72
4.1.2 Site Selection Criteria 72
4.1.2 Location Maps 73-78
4.2 Climate Of Port Harcourt, River State 79-80
4.3 Planning Considerations
4.3.1 Access and Circulation 81
4.3.2 Gradient And Slope 81
4.3.3 Solar Radiation 82
4.3.4 Wind Direction 82
4.3.5 Noise 83
4.3.6 Orientation 84
4.3.7 Vegetation 85-87
4.4 Design Considerations 88
4.4.1 Technical Data 89-92
4.4.2 Spaces and Their Relationships 94-104
4.4.3 Materials for Construction 105
4.4.4 Aesthetics 105
4.4.5 Services 106110
4.4.6 Lighting 111 113
4.4.7 Ventilation 114
4.4.8 Thermal Comfort 115
4.4.9 Fire Safety 116-120
4.5 Space Requirements 121-130
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 DESIGN SYNTHESIS
5.1 Planning And Design Philosophy 131
5.2 Design Concept 132
5.3 Concept Derivation 133
5.4 Form of the Building 134
CONCLUSION 135
BIBLIOGRAPHY 136137
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