ABSTRACT

Ceiba pentandra (totoro) is a plant that is very popular in African Traditional medicine and it belongs to the family of Bombacaceae. The matured tree is as much as 56 m high, with long cylindrical and huge buttresses to 8 m high and wide spreading. It is the largest tree of the West African region and it occurs throughout the continent.

Qualitative analysis indicated that the leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, Saponin, glycoside, tannin. Quantitative analysis showed that Alkaloids (3.4%), Saponins (6.6%), Flavonoids (0.21mg/ml), Tannins (0.85%), Phenol (0.013mg/ml). It was observed that Saponin and Alkaloids have the highest level of presence when compared to other constituents present. Phenol and Flavonoid also have the lowest level of concentration in hexanolic extract of Ceiba pentandra.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

Aim of the Study

1.0     Literature Review

1.1     Macro and Micro elements

1.2     Phytochemicals

CHAPTER TWO

2.0     Materials and Methods

2.1     Materials Used

2.2     Reagents Used

2.3     Identification and Preparation of plant materials

2.4     Sample preparation

2.5     Phytochemical analysis

2.5.1  Qualitative analysis

2.5.1.1 Test for Alkaloids

2.5.1.2 Test for Glycosides and Steroids

2.5.1.3 Test for Terpenoids

2.5.1.4 Test for Saponin

2.5.1.5 Test for Phenol

2.5.1.6 Test for Tannins

2.5.2   Quantitative analysis

2.5.2.1 Estimation of total flavonoids

2.5.2.2 Preparation of Quercetin

2.5.2.3 Determination of tannin concentration

2.5.2.4 Preparation of tannic acid standard curve

2.5.2.5 Determination of Saponin concentration

2.5.2.6 Determination of Alkaloid concentration

2.5.2.7 Determination of total phenolic content

2.5.2.8 Preparation of standard for gallic acid

2.5.2.9 Determination of ferric reducing power

2.5.2.10 Gas chromatography, mass spectroscopic analysis

CHAPTER THREE

3.0     Results

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0     Discussion and Conclusion

4.1     Discussion

4.2     Conclusion

4.3     Recommendation

References

Appendix