THE EXAMINATION OF THE ROLE OF CENTRAL BANK IN THE REGULATION OF THE NIGERIA ECONOMY THROUGH MONETARY POLICY

ABSTRACT

This study is to examine the role of Central Bank of Nigeria in the regulation of the Nigeria economy through monetary policy. And the main objectives of this work is to achieve full employment, price stability, favourable balance of payment, exchange rate stability, economic growth and development. To solve the research problems, information was collected thorough primary and secondary data. The research instruments used in collection of data were questionnaire, interviews and others. The respondents on the questionnaire comprises  the management and staff of Central Bank of Nigeria. The secondary data were collected from already written research work and are related to the subject matter either directly or indirectly and they are used to supplement the primary data collected. They are as follows: Past project work, textbooks, journals, magazine, encyclopedia, lecture notes etc. The population of the study comprised of the management and staff of Central Bank of Nigeria Enugu. It was considered that these group of people will give enough data needed to evaluate  the project work. The sample size used is 80 and the major instrument used to collect the data is questionnaires. While the tool employed in analyzing the data is chi-square method and the method was used in testing the hypothesis. Based on my findings, the researcher find out that theCentral Bank of Nigeria is not doing enough in regulation of the Nigeria economy which caused by corruption and political instability in the system that hinder the economic development of the economy and others. I concluded that proper implementation of Central Bank policy will contributes to the development of the economy by employing their qualitative and quantitative techniques effectively. And there should be a continuous dialogue with the banks as co-implementers of monetary policy to discuss and resolve differences and others.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page         –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       i

Approval page –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       ii

Dedication       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       iii

Acknowledgement    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       iv

Abstract   –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       v

Table of contents     –       –       –       –       –       —     –       vi

CHAPTER ONE

1.1      Background of the study –       –       –       –       1

1.2       Statement of the problems      –       –       –       –       4

1.3      Purpose/objective of the study        –       –       –       6

1.4      Research questions –       –       –       –       –       –       7

1.5      Research hypothesis        –       –       –       –       –       8

1.6      Significance of the study –       –       –       –       –       10

1.7      Scope, limitation and delimitations         –       –       11

1.8      Definitions of terms         –       –       –       –       –       11

CHAPTER TWO      

2.0      Literature review      –       –       –       –       –       –       13

2.1      Meaning of banks    –       –       –       –       –       –       13

2.2      Brief history and meaning of central bank of Nigeria 15

2.3      Objectives and functions of the central bank   –       20

2.4      Formulation and administration of monetary policy 28

2.5      Features of CBN monetary policy circular        –       31

2.6      Meaning of monetary policy, instruments and objectives-       –      –       –        –       —     –       –       35

2.7      How central bank of Nigerian regulate the economy through monetary policy instruments   –       –       45

CHAPTER THREE

Research design and methodology   –       –       –       –       51

3.1      Research design       –       –       –       –       –       –       51

3.2      Area of study    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       52

3.3      Population of the study    –       –       –       –       –       52

3.4      Sample and sampling technique      –       –       –       53

3.5      Instruments of data collection         –       –       –       54

3.6      Method of data presentation    –       –       –       –       54

3.7      Methods of data analysis-       –       –       –       –       55

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1      Data presentation and analysis       –       –       –       57

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0   Findings, recommendation and conclusion     –       79

5.1      Findings –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       79

5.2      Recommendation     –       –       –       –       –       –       80

5.3      Conclusion      –       –       –       –       –       –       –       82

References       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       83

Questionnaire –       –       –       –       –       –       –       86

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1      BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The development of central banking can be said to date from the middle of the 19th century, but precisely, there is no exact date when banking started in Nigeria. Historically, records showed that domestic banking activities started in 1961, when a shipping company Elder Dempter lines started banking services in Lagos. The chairman of the company in 1392 established the first banking, institution called African Banking Corporation, which metamorphosed into first Bank of Nigeria. In 1917, Barchays banks now known as Union Bank of Nigeria Plc was established.

Before 1952, the West African Currency Board (WACB) established in 1912 was used as the state bank for Anglo-phone West African Countries, such as Nigeria, Sierra-Leone, Ghana and Gambia. The West African Currency Board (WAECB) was based in London and it issued notes and coins for the Anglo=Phone West African Countries.

The banking failure of the 1950’s could not but lead to the establishment of Central Bank to serve as banker to the banking system, to perform supervisory role over the commercial banks and issue currency notes and coins thus, regulating the supply of money in Nigeria. Not only these, it acts as a financial adviser to the government on monetary policy and implementing the policy on behalf of the government.

The Central Bank of Nigeria is government bank established to keep a country’s financial system under control and close supervision. The responsibility of managing the Central Bank of Nigeria is vested in the hand of the board of directors whose members are appointed by the government.

The Central Bank of Nigeria is expected particularly in promoting economy  growth by fostering the development of money and capital market, development banking habits and sound financial system. In order to facilitate economy development, Central Bank of Nigeria tends to engage in activities, which extend beyond its traditional functions. In this regard, it played a unique role in the development of Nigeria economy, particularly in promoting agricultural and industrial development in general.

Central Bank of Nigeria was established to act as the organ of government that should undertake the major financial operations of the government and by its conduct influence the behaviour of financial institutions so as to support the economic policy of the government. It follows therefore that the Central Bank of Nigeria must in some sense be a part of the government machinery with its action.