ABSTRACT

         This project is on production of house hold cosmetics such as, Bar soap, Bleach, shoe polish. The project was divided in chapters for easy reading and understanding. The project went in details to narrate the procedure for production of each of the above mentioned house hold cosmetics. Each of production is listed step by step, so that any body that intends to make use of this project in producing of any of this house hold cosmetics will not find it difficult in producing. The project also explain process of packaging and some effect of  house hold cosmetics. At last the project ended with summary and conclusion.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page:……………………………………………………………………..i

Acknowledgement:………………………………………………………….ii

Dedication:…………………………………………………………………..iii

Abstract:………………………………………………………………………iv

Table of contents:………………………………………………………v-viii

CHAPTER ONE

1.0   Introduction:…………………………………………………………..1

1.1   Bar soap:……………………………………………………………….4

1.2   Shoe polish:……………………………………………………………4

1.3   Bleach:………………………………………………………………….4

1.4   Purpose of study:…………………………………………………….5

1.5   Statement of problem:………………………………………………5

CHAPTER TWO

2.0      Literature review:…………………………………………………….7

Modern  History of Bar Soap Makers:…………………………..8

Commercial Production of Bar Soap:……………………………9

Bar Soap Making:…………………………………………………..10

Lye:…………………………………………………………………….11

Fat:…………………………………………………………………….11

Shoe Polish:………………………………………………………….12

Bleach:…………………………………………………………1……13

CHAPTER THREE

3.0      Introduction:…………………………………………………………16

3.1   Production of bar soap:……………………………………………17

3.2   Ingredients:………………………………………………………….17

33    Batch Process flow Chart:………………………………………..20

3.4   Industrial bar soap making:……………………………………..21

3.5   Sponification:………………………………………………………..22

3.6   Glycerin Removal:………………………………………………….22

3.7   Soap Purification:…………………………………………………..23

3.8   Bar soap Manufacturing:…………………………………………23

3.9   Production of Bleach:……………………………………………..24

3.10The proposed method makes use of basic materials that can be fund easily, anywhere:………………………………………..24

3.11Properties:……………………………………………………………24

3.12How to produce bleach at home materials:…………………..24

  3.13 Properties:………………………………………………………….24

3.14Procedure:……………………………………………………………26

3.15Production of shoe polish:………………………………………..28

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1      Packaging and sales:………………………………………………32

4.2      Reactions:…………………………………………………………….32

4.3      Endodontics:…………………………………………………………34

4.4      Oxidation:…………………………………………………………….35

4.5      Mechanism of Action during production safety:…………….35

4.6      Bar soap packages:………………………………………………..39

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1   Summary Recommendation and Conclusion:……………….41

         References:…………………………………………………………..44

CHAPTER ONE

1.0   INTRODUCTION

Cosmetics are substances used to enhance the appearance or order of the human body.  The name implies, household and cosmetics include skin – care creams, lotions, include skin – care cream lotions, powder, perfumes, lipsticks, finger nail and toe nail polish, eye and facial make up, permanence waves, colour constant censes, hair colours, hair sprays and gets deodorant, body products bath oils, bubble baths, bath salt, butters and many other types of products. A subject of cosmetics is called “make up” which refers primarily to coloured products intended to enhance the user’s appearance.

         Many manufacturers distinguish between decorative cosmetics and care cosmetics, Agner T (1991) Acta Derm: Venereal 71 (4) 296-300 source “House hold cosmetics”. The manufacture of cosmetics is currently dominated by a small number  of  multinational corporations, that originated in the early 20th century, but the distribution and sale of this spread among a wide range of different businesses.

 The N.S food and drug administration (FDA) which regulates cosmetics in the united states define cosmetics as “intended to be applied to the human body, for clearing beautifying, promoting attractiveness or altering the appearance without affecting the body structure or functions. This broad definitions includes, as well, any material included for use as a component of a cosmetics product, the FDA specifically excludes soap in this category. In addition to over the Counter cosmetics products, recent years have seen an increasing market for prescription or surgical cosmetics procedures. These range from temporary enhancement such as cosmetics coloured contact lenses to major cosmetics surgery. The temporary fashionable enhancement is applicable to false eye lashes or eyelashes extension order to enhance the natural eyelashes and make eye appearance more attractive.

         Many techniques such a chemicals and other physical peels, remove the oldest, top layers of the skin cells. The younger layers of the skin left bebrict, appear more plump, youthful and soft, permanents application of pigments (taltosing) is also used cosmetically.

         There is assurance from the largest cosmetics complains that ingredients have passed quality tests and official regulations are there generally safe to use, there is growing preference for cosmetics that are with out any “synthetic” ingredients especially those derived from petroleum lance a niche market, hand made and certified organic products are becoming more main steam.

         Ingredients listing in cosmetics are highly regulated in many countries. The testing of cosmetics product on animals is a subject of some controversy. It is now, illegal in the united kingdom, the Netherlands, and Belgium, and a ban across the European union was due to come into effect in 2009.

         But the government is trying to make law that will control the testing of cosmetics, and also give new ways of testing production in 2010.

         Even though many cosmetics products are regulated, there are still health concerns regarding the presence of harmful chemicals within these products. Aside from colour additive cosmetics products and their ingredients are not subject to FDA regulation PNO to their release into market. It is only when a product is found to federal food, Drug, and cosmetics Act (FD &C Act) and fair packaging and labeling Act (FPLA). After it releases that, the FDA may start taking action against this violation. While many new products leased into the market every reason, it is hard to keep track the safety of every product. Some product carry carcinogenic contaminant 1,4 – dixoxane. Many cosmetics companies are coming out with “All natural” and “organic product”. All organic products are made with organic agricultural products. Product who claim they are not, unless they are certified “USA” organ.

         There are different types of household cosmetics, but in this we are going to concentrate on three major ones which are soap bleach and shoe polish.

1.1   Bar Soap: Clearing agent or detergent, made from animal and vegetable fats, oils and greases, chemically, the sodium or potassium salt of a fatty acid, formed by the interaction of fats and oils with alkali.

1.2   Shoe Polish: usually a waxy paste or a cream, is a consumer product used to polish, shine, water proof and restore the appearance of leather shoes or boots, there by extending the foot wear’s life. In some regions including New Zealand. “Nuggest” is used as a common term for solid waxy shoe polish, as opposed to liquid shoe polishes.

1.3   Bleach: Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the formular Nacl. Sodium hypochlorite solution, commonly known as bleach, is frequently used as a disinfectant or a bleaching agent.

1.4   purpose of the Study

i.       The purpose of this study is to provide the students ability and technical, to know how to produce some day to day uses of house hold cosmetics.

ii.      To equip the graduate of college of education, to be self reliant and self sufficient even as graduate and undergraduate.

iii.     To create avenue for the graduates of chemistry student, from College of Education, further than student in analytical and industrial chemistry. Intriguing the man to carrying out research in the field, also to entice secondary school leaves to enter the field of chemistry.

1.5   Statement of Problem

Both individual and industrial, small and large scale producers of cosmetics have been found to be successful but not much impact is felt amongst the chemistry students in most colleges of education, who in the cause of their studies have learnt about these cosmetics. They harm also learned about their properties, functions and proportion of existence theoretically. Nevertheless cannot prove the knowledge in the aspect of the production practical.

         It is general, agreed that the chemistry student with back-ground knowledge of chemical reactivity should be able to produce some of these product officiously